Chapter 1: Reproduction in Plants
Descriptive Questions
- Q: Define germination.
- A: The process by which the seed grows into a seedling is called germination.
- Q: List the different parts of a seed.
- A: A seed mainly consists of three parts: seed coat, seed leaves and an embryo.
- Q: Write the necessary conditions for the germination of seed.
- A: The necessary conditions for the germination of the seed are the right amount of water, air and sunlight.
- Q: Why is the dispersal of seeds essential for the growth of a plant?
- A: If all the seeds produced by the plant fall and germinate near it, they will not get enough space, water, sunlight and nutrients to grow. They will die due to competition.
- Q: Draw and explain the structure of a seed.
- A: (a) Seed coat: The outermost layer of seed is called seed coat, it protects the baby plant until the seed germinates.
- (b) Seed leaves (Cotyledons): Inside the seed coat seed leaves are present, they store food for the growing embryo.
- (c) Embryo: A baby plant present inside the seed is called an embryo. It has two parts: The radicle that grows into the roots, and plumule which develops into a stem.
- Q: Explain any two methods of vegetative reproduction in plants.
- A: (i) Plants like carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato and dahlia reproduce through their roots. (ii) Plants like rose, hibiscus and the money plant can grow into a new plant with small cuttings of stems from the parent plants. (iii) Plants like Bryophyllum have special buds on the margin of the leaves. When these buds fall on fertile soil, they grow into a new plant.
- Q: Define dispersal of seeds? List the different ways.
- A: The process by which seeds are scattered away from the plants is called the dispersal of seed. The different ways are: Dispersal by wind (cotton, dandelion), Dispersal by water (coconut, lotus), Dispersal by animal (xanthium, tiger nails), and Dispersal by explosion (balsam, okra).
Objective Questions
- Match the following:
- Seed coat ———> Outer covering;
- Seed leaves ——–> Cotyledons;
- Monocot ———–> One cotyledon;
- Embryo ————-> baby plant.
- Answer in one word:
- A plant that grows from an underground stem: Potato
- A plant that reproduces from leaves: Bryophyllum
- A plant that reproduces from spores: Ferns
- A plant that reproduces from the cutting of the stem: Rose
- Fill in the blanks:
- Bryophyllum has special buds on the margin of the leaves.
- The tiny baby plant inside the seed is called embryo.
- Dandelion seeds are dispersed through wind.
- The process of growth of seed into seedling is called germination.
- Choose the correct option:
- Cotyledon (Cotyledon /Seed Coat ) of a seed contains stored food.
- The fruits of pea (Pea / Cotton) burst with great force for scattering the seed.
- The baby plant formed after germination is called seedling (Seedling / embryo) .
- Plants like ferns and mosses are called non-flowering ( flowering / non flowering ) plants.
- True or False:
- Dispersal is the process of growth of seed into a new plant: False
- Cotyledon provides nutrition for the growing baby: True
- Monocot plants are those that have only two cotyledons: False
- A small shoot that emerges from the seed and grows upwards is cotyledon: False