Textbook Questions and Answers
Keywords:
- Atmosphere: The mixture of gases around the Earth.
- Pattern: A repeated form.
- Altitude: Height above sea level.
- Humidity: The amount of moisture (water vapor) in the air.
Define the following:
- Weather: The condition of the atmosphere at a given place over a short period of time.
- Climate: The average weather condition of a region over a long period of time.
Answer the Following Questions:
1. What are the differences between weather and climate?
| Weather | Climate |
| (1) The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere is called weather. | (1) The average weather condition over a long time is called climate. |
| (2) It is for a short term. | (2) It is for a long term. |
| (3) It changes frequently. | (3) It changes very slowly over many years. |
| (4) Ex: Rainy today, sunny afternoon, windy evening. | (4) Ex: Tropical, desert, or temperate climate. |
2. Name the factors that influence the climate of a place.
Ans: The factors that influence the climate of a place are as follows:
- Distance from the equator
- Climate zones
- Distance from the sea
- Altitude
- Winds
- Humidity
- Influence of human beings
3. Name the main climate regions of the Earth.
Ans: The main climate regions of the Earth are Tundra, Equatorial, Tropical, Temperate, Desert, and Mediterranean.
4. What is the effect of humidity on the climate of a place?
Ans:
- Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air.
- In places near the equator, there is a lot of humidity because of the heat of the sun.
- This results in plenty of rainfall in these regions.
- Thus, the climate near the equator is hot and wet.
5. How do winds determine the climate of a place?
Ans:
- The direction of wind is an important factor in determining the climate of a place.
- Winds are hot, cold, or moist depending on where they originate from.
- Ex: The monsoon winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea bring rain to India.
- Hot, dry winds blowing from the desert make North India hot during summer.
6. Why do coastal areas have an extreme climate?
- Coastal areas have a extreme climate because they are close to the sea.
- Water heats up and cools down slowly.
- During the day, the sea absorbs heat and keeps the surrounding area cool, and at night it releases heat, keeping the area warm.
- In contrast, in land areas far from the sea, the land heats up and cools down quickly.
7. How can humans affect the climate? Give simple examples.
Ans: Humans can affect the climate through their activities, especially by harming the environment.
Ex:
- Cutting trees (deforestation): Trees help control temperature and rainfall.
- Pollution from vehicles and factories: Smoke and harmful gases increase the Earth’s temperature.
- Burning fuel: Releases gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
8. Write about the different types of houses based on geographical conditions.
Ans: The different types of houses based on geographical conditions are as follows:
- Igloos are houses built by people living in cold regions like the Arctic region. These houses are built with blocks of ice.
- Wood houses are found in cold and forested areas. People build their houses with wood because it is a good insulator and helps keep the house cool in summer and warm in winter.
- Mud houses are built by people living in hot and dry climates.
- Brick houses are houses built using baked mud called bricks.
Assertion and Reasoning Questions
1. Assertion (A): Climate helps us decide what clothes to wear daily.
Reasoning (R): Climate tells us the average weather of a place.
Ans: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (Note: Weather dictates daily clothing, not climate).
2. Assertion (A): Weather forecasting helps people plan their activities.
Reasoning (R): It tells the expected weather conditions in advance.
Ans: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Case-Based Question
While climbing a mountain, Rohan noticed that the temperature became cooler as he went higher.
Questions:
1) Why did the temperature decrease?
Ans: Because altitude (height) increased.
2) What does this show about climate?
Ans: It changes with height.
3) Which place is warmer, the top or bottom of the mountain?
Ans: The bottom.
4) What should Rohan carry while climbing?
Ans: Warm clothes.