P.P.Publication NCERT WORKSHEETS
Exploring Society: India and Beyond
Textbook of Social Science Class 8
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT considered a factor of production?
- (A) Land
- (B) Labor
- (C) Capital
- (D) Demand
- Answer: (D) Demand
2. Which factor of production refers to all natural resources used to produce goods and services?
- (A) Labor
- (B) Capital
- (C) Entrepreneurship
- (D) Land
- Answer: (D) Land
3. Which personality trait is essential for an entrepreneur?
- (A) Laziness
- (B) Ignorance
- (C) Vision and perseverance
- (D) Dependence
- Answer: (C) Vision and perseverance
4. Which industrialist founded India’s first airline and promoted welfare?
- (A) Dhirubhai Ambani
- (B) J.R.D. Tata
- (C) Narayan Murthy
- (D) Ratan Tata
- Answer: (B) J.R.D. Tata
5. Why is investment in education and training necessary?
- (A) To increase government control
- (B) To reduce population
- (C) To develop skilled and productive individuals
- (D) To increase tax collection
- Answer: (C) To develop skilled and productive individuals
6. Which production process was interrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic?
- (A) Military training
- (B) Global manufacturing due to supply issues
- (C) Farming festivals
- (D) Student examinations
- Answer: (B) Global manufacturing due to supply issues
7. Which of the following are considered key facilitators for developing human capital?
- (A) Money and machinery
- (B) Education, training, and healthcare
- (C) Government regulations and taxes
- (D) Only personal savings and family support
- Answer: (B) Education, training, and healthcare
8. What were the approximate adult literacy rates for males and females in India as of 2023, according to the chapter?
- (A) 50% for males and 40% for females
- (B) 95% for males and 90% for females
- (C) 85% for males and 70% for females
- (D) 70% for males and 85% for females
- Answer: (C) 85% for males and 70% for females
9. An industry that relies more on labour than on machinery, like the handicraft sector, is described as:
- (A) Capital-intensive
- (B) Technology-intensive
- (C) Labour-intensive
- (D) Land-intensive
- Answer: (C) Labour-intensive
10. Which of the following is an example of an environmental responsibility for a business?
- (A) Paying fair wages to workers.
- (B) Providing good customer service.
- (C) Reducing waste and avoiding pollution.
- (D) Making the maximum possible profit.
- Answer: (C) Reducing waste and avoiding pollution.
Section B: Assertion-Reason Questions
Options for all questions in this section:
- (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- (B) A is correct but R is incorrect
- (C) A is incorrect but R is correct
- (D) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
1. Assertion (A): Production requires four elements, which are called factors of production.
Reason (R): The factors of production are land, labour, fixed capital and working capital.
- Answer: (D) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
2. Assertion (A): Every production is organised by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital, which are known as factors of production.
Reason (R): Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.
- Answer: (D) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
Section C: Fill in the blanks using appropriate word(s).
1. A variety of online courses are available to students through Government platforms like SWAYAM.
2. Instead of sending letters by post, we now use Email to communicate with people quickly and at a lower cost.
3. Procuring resources like land, factory space, machinery and skilled workers requires financial resources.
4. It is important for producers to adopt sustainable practices to replenish natural resources for future use.
5. The supply chain is a network of individuals, organisations, resources, activities and technology that are involved in the production and sale of goods.
Section D: Match the columns.
| Column A | Answer | Column B |
| 1. Capital | (e) | (a) A firm which produces or sells goods |
| 2. Interest | (d) | (b) Process of learning the required skills |
| 3. Productivity | (c) | (c) Ability to do more |
| 4. Training | (b) | (d) Money paid to the lender |
| 5. Business | (a) | (e) Any asset |
Section E: Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What are ‘shilpa shastras’? Give example.
- Answer: The Shilpa Shastras are ancient texts that contain detailed design guidelines on sculptures, painting, building, wooden items, and jewellery. For example, texts on sculpture prescribe exact specifications regarding postures, colours, measurements, and proportions of figures.
2. How do large companies often raise financial capital from the general public?
- Answer: Large companies require a lot of money to expand their business; hence, they raise money from the general public through the stock market.
3. Why are people considered as a resource?
- Answer: Human beings play a key role in economic activities and production processes, as they apply their knowledge, skills, and decision-making abilities to create goods and services.
4. What are the executive and legislative functions of the Parliament?
- Answer
Section F: Short Answer Type Questions
1. Why is capital considered an essential factor of production?
- Answer:
- i) Capital is considered an essential factor of production because it directly increases the ability to produce goods and services efficiently.
- ii) It improves efficiency and quality, supports other factors of production, drives economic growth, and encourages innovation.
2. How do infrastructure and healthcare systems like hospitals, primary healthcare centres, doctors, pharmacies, diagnostic labs, etc., contribute to developing human capital?
- Answer: They build human capital by enhancing productivity, increasing life expectancy, and improving educational outcomes. A healthy population is more active and skilled, which drives economic growth and reduces the financial burden of disease on families.
3. What is demographic dividend? How does it prove to be beneficial for a country?
Answer: i) A demographic dividend is the economic growth potential that occurs when a country’s working-age population (15-64) is larger than its non-working dependent population (children and elderly). When more people are working and earning, and fewer people depend on them, they can create businesses and improve living standards.
Section G: Long Answer Type Questions
1. How does human capital differ from physical capital?
Answer: i) Human capital represents the intangible skills, knowledge, and experience of employees, while physical capital includes assets like machinery and buildings. ii) Unlike physical capital, which is separable from its owner and tradable in the market, human capital is inseparable from its owner and resides within them.
2. What are the major tasks performed by an entrepreneur?
- Answer: An entrepreneur’s vision for solving a problem helps bring innovative products and services to the market that benefit society and the nation. At the same time, they also create job opportunities and support livelihoods. In return, they derive a deep sense of satisfaction from seeing their dreams become a reality and serving the people.