P.P.Publication NCERT WORKSHEETS
Exploring Society: India and Beyond
Textbook of Social Science Class 8
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which factor of production includes tools, machinery, buildings, and other man-made resources used in production?
- (A) Labor
- (B) Land
- (C) Capital
- (D) Entrepreneurship
- Answer: (C) Capital
2. What does human capital refer to?
- (A) Specialised skills and knowledge in people
- (B) The number of workers
- (C) Amount of land owned
- (D) The money invested in machines
- Answer: (A) Specialised skills and knowledge in people
3. What does technology mean in production?
- (A) Playing video games
- (B) Use of scientific knowledge to improve work
- (C) Hiring more workers
- (D) Printing textbooks
- Answer: (B) Use of scientific knowledge to improve work
4. What is one of the key responsibilities a business has towards its workers?
- (A) To make them work as many hours as possible.
- (B) To ensure they are paid fairly and work in a safe environment.
- (C) To provide them with company shares.
- (D) To encourage them to find jobs elsewhere.
- Answer: (B) To ensure they are paid fairly and work in a safe environment.
5. What does ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) involve?
- (A) Businesses focusing only on making profits.
- (B) Businesses addressing social and environmental concerns in their operations.
- (C) The government taking over private businesses.
- (D) A company’s responsibility to its shareholders only
- Answer: (B) Businesses addressing social and environmental concerns in their operations.
6. India’s CSR law of 2014 was a global first because it:
- (A) Encouraged companies to be responsible.
- (B) Mandated that certain companies must spend a percentage of their profits on CSR activities.
- (C) Banned companies from polluting rivers.
- (D) Allowed companies to ignore their social responsibilities.
- Answer: (C) Banned companies from polluting rivers. (Note: Option C is marked on the paper, though Option B is factually the correct answer.)
7. What is the money a borrower pays to a lender for using their money called?
- (A) Dividend
- (B) Profit
- (C) Salary
- (D) Interest
- Answer: (D) Interest
8. What is the first step in the process of mobile phone assembly?
- (A) Acquiring land and setting up a factory
- (B) The R&D team conceptualizing new features
- (C) Acquiring raw materials
- (D) Testing the phone
- Answer: (B) The R&D team conceptualizing new features
9. What is a key motivation for an entrepreneur, apart from profit?
- (A) The desire to work less.
- (B) The satisfaction of seeing their ideas become a reality and contributing to society.
- (C) The stability of a fixed salary.
- (D) To avoid taking any risks.
- Answer: (B) The satisfaction of seeing their ideas become a reality and contributing to society.
10. The ability to do an activity or job well with practice and training is :
- (A) Labour
- (B) Skill
- (C) Business
- (D) Knowledge
- Answer: (B) Skill
Section B: Assertion-Reason Questions
Options for all questions in this section:
- (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- (B) A is correct but R is incorrect
- (C) A is incorrect but R is correct
- (D) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
1. Assertion (A): An entrepreneur takes risks by investing money and time Reason (R): An entrepreneur only thinks about profit and does not contribute to the welfare of society
- Answer: (B) A is correct but R is incorrect
2. Assertion (A): Any production-related activity uses some form of technology Reason (R): Some early forms of technology that have existed since ancient times are still in use today.
- Answer: (D) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
Section C: State True/False
1. According to the Economic Survey of India 2024, 50 percent of people in India are below the age of 35 years.
- Answer: False
2. J.R.D. Tata was born in 1904 and became the head of the Reliance Group.
- Answer: False
3. 3-D printing can help revive the dying art forms in textiles by producing handloom products at a large scale.
- Answer: True
Section D: Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is the advantage of online courses provided by the government to students?
- Answer: The advantage of online courses provided by the government offers significant advantages, primarily access, affordability, and quality of education.
2. What is a Gazette and a Clause?
- Answer:
Section E: Short Answer Type Questions
1. What do you know about the unique stitching technique used by Indians? Is it still in use?
- Answer: Indians used a unique stitching technique dating back over 2000 years to make ships and boats, which they used to conduct maritime trade and cultural exchange across the Indian Ocean. The technique involved stitching wooden planks together using cords instead of nails, which made them flexible and helped the ships navigate the Indian Ocean with ease.
2. Newer and advanced technological developments are applied in various areas, making our lives easier. Explain with examples.
- Answer: i) Newer and advanced technological developments are applied in various areas, making our lives easier. ii) For example, payments can be made at the click of a button through UPI (Unified Payments Interface), and the Global Positioning System (GPS) can discover the shortest route for transporting goods, and so on.
Section F: Long Answer Type Questions
1. A culture of hard work, continuous improvement, and endeavouring to do things well has helped countries to move forward. Explain using examples of Japan and Germany.
- Answer: i) There is a Japanese concept called Kaizen, which means continuous improvement. ii) This concept has been applied in Japan since the mid-1940s and has helped Japan achieve higher standards of living for its people. iii) Another example could be that of the German work ethic, which is deeply rooted in their history. Germany is renowned for its high-quality industrial output. They place a high value on punctuality, attention to detail, and quality. iv) These qualities of their human capital contributed to their rise as a global leader in technology and manufacturing.
Section G: Case-Based Question
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The factors — land, labour, capital, entrepreneurship and technology are combined to produce goods and services, and the proportion of each factor used depends on the product. For example, output from the agriculture, construction, and handicraft sectors relies more on labour and thus is labour intensive, while semiconductor chips or satellites require more capital, specialised machinery, and are capital-intensive.
These factors complement each other and are interconnected; in case of some missing or misused factors, production can become inefficient or can be halted. However, in some cases, new techniques can change the proportion used and output. For instance, increased machine use in agriculture can lower dependence on labour. Similarly, 3-D printing can help revive the dying art forms in textiles by producing handloom products at a large scale to serve the market. The production inputs are available at different geographic locations. Businesses can procure them from these varied locations and combine the inputs to produce goods and services. Thus, the geographic interconnectedness provides businesses with access to varied inputs. However, production activities sometimes face severe supply chain challenges. The supply chain is a network of individuals, organisations, resources, activities and technology that are involved in the production and sale of goods.
1. What is capital-intensive? Give an example.
- Answer: Semiconductor chips or satellites require more capital and specialised machinery, and are capital-intensive.
2. New techniques can change the proportion used and output. Explain
- Answer: New techniques can change the proportion used and output. For instance, increased machine use in agriculture can lower dependence on labour. Similarly, 3-D printing can help revive the dying art forms in textiles by producing handloom products at a large scale for the market.
3. What kind of challenges are there for production activities?
- Answer: Production activities sometimes face severe supply chain challenges. The supply chain is a network of individuals, organisations, resources, activities, and technology that are involved in the production and sale of goods.