Q1. Modern humans also known as ______ have walked the planet for about 300,000 years.
A: (b) Homo sapiens.
Q2. The concept of “millennium” refers to a period of:
A: (c) 1000 years.
Q3. Which discipline is primarily concerned with the study of human societies and cultures?
A: (b) Anthropology.
Q4. Assertion (A): We use the term AD after any date to signify the year.
Reason (R): AD refers to the years counted from the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of Christianity. The Latin term for AD is Anno Domini.
A: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
Q5. In the context of historical studies, the term “BCE” is used to indicate:
A: (b) the years before the common era.
Q6. Who studies the physical features of the Earth, like the soil, stones, hills, mountains, rivers, seas, ocean and other such parts?
A: (b) Geologists.
Q7. A historian arranged the following events in order of occurrence, which tool did she use?
A: (c) Timeline.
Q8. Rohan found old coins while digging in his field. These coins are example of:
A: (c) archaeological sources.
Q9. Which of the following is a literary source of history?
A: (d) Manuscripts.
Q10. Why do historians study sources of history?
A: (b) To understand and reconstruct the past.
Q11. Which source provides information through stories, songs, and memories passed from one generation to another?
A: (c) oral tradition.
Q12. What is a timeline? Why is it important?
A: A timeline is a graphical representation of events arranged in chronological order. It helps us understand when events happened and the sequence in which they occurred.
Q13. Name any three source of history.
A: Archaeological sources (coins, tools, pottery), Literary sources (Manuscripts, books), Oral sources (story, folk songs), and Artistic sources (Paintings).
Q14. Why are coins important source of history?
A: Coins provide information about rulers, economic conditions, trade, religion, and the period in which they were used.
Q15. Differentiate between archaeological and literary sources.
A: Archaeological sources are material remains from the past discovered through excavation (Example: coins, pottery). Literary sources are written records of the past preserved in written form (Example: Manuscripts, books).
Q16. Explain the different sources of history with examples.
A: Archaeological sources: objects such as coins, tools, pottery, inscriptions, and monuments. Literary sources: written materials like manuscripts, books, religious texts, and records. Oral sources: folk tales, songs, legends, and traditions passed down through generations.
Q17. Imagine you are a historian studying an ancient kingdom. Which three sources of history would you choose? Explain how each source would help you understand the kingdom.
A:
a) Coins, inscriptions and manuscripts.
b) Coins provide information about trade and rulers, inscriptions reveal administrative details and achievements, and manuscripts describe social life, beliefs, and important events.
Q18. Meera visited a museum and saw ancient coins, pottery, inscriptions, and handwritten manuscripts… Which type of source are coins and pottery?
A: Archaeological source.
Q19. What are manuscripts considered?
A: Literary sources.
Q20. Why are these objects preserved in museums?
A: They provide evidence about past societies and help historians reconstruct history.
Q21. What were the reasons for communities settling down near river?
A: Communities settled down near river because of the availability of fertile soil and water. The soil near river is often more fertile due to the deposit of silt and nutrients, making it ideal for growing crops. The availability of water also made it easier for humans to settle down and cultivate the land.
Q22. There are some people who are trained to uncover the secrets left beneath the earth’s surface and help us learn about the past. Name any three of them.
A:
i) Geologists: They study physical features of the earth, like rocks, mountains, rivers etc.
ii) Paleontologists: They study the fossils of plants and animals.
iii) Archaeologists: They study the remains of tools, pots, beads, figurines, toys, bones etc.
Q23. How did early humans live?
A: Early humans (homo sapiens) lived as hunters and gatherers in temporary shelters like caves and rock shelters. They used fire and made tools like stone axes and blades. They communicated using languages that are now lost and created rock paintings. Over time, they began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals leading to settled agricultural communities.
Q24. How can various sources help us understand history?
A:
i) Various sources such as archaeological finds, literary texts, oral traditions, and artistic works help us understand history.
ii) Archaeological study physical remains like tools, pottery, and buildings.
iii) Literary sources includes ancient manuscripts and historical texts.
iv) Oral traditions pass down stories and folklore.
v) Artistic sources like paintings and sculptures provide insights into the culture and beliefs of past societies.