1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements.
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for ——
b. — — — — is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is — — —.
d. Government of India has encouraged the — — — — for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16
Answer:-
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for cattle breeding.
b. Genome editing is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is Type 1 Diabetes.
d. Government of India has encouraged the animal husbandry for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16.
2. Match the pairs.
a. Interferon 1. Diabetes
b. Factor 2. Dwarfness
c. Somatostatin 3. Viral infection
d. Interleukin 4. Cancer
5. Haemophilia
Answer:-
a. Interferon 3. Viral infection
b. Factor 5. Haemophilia
c. Somatostatin 4. Cancer
d. Interleukin 1. Diabetes
3. Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections.
a. Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique.
Answer:- Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering involves altering the DNA of an organism to modify its genetic makeup. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, including gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, and the use of synthetic chromosomes or viral vectors to introduce new DNA into the genome. The production of insulin using bacteria through genetic engineering is a commonly cited example of the applications of this technology.
b. Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean.
Anser:- Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton.
The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene produces a toxin that is toxic to certain insects, including boll worms, which are a major pest of cotton plants. By introducing this gene into the genome of cotton plants, the plants are able to produce the Bt toxin and resist attack from boll worms, reducing the need for chemical insecticides. This is an example of genetic engineering being used in agriculture to improve crop protection and sustainability.
4. Write short notes.
a. Biotechnology: Professional uses
Answer:-
- Agriculture: Biotechnology is used to produce genetically modified crops such as tomatoes, brinjal, golden rice, hybrid seeds, BT cotton, and disease-resistant plants.
- Animal husbandry: Biotechnology is used to improve both the quantity and quality of animal products through techniques such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer.
- Human health: Biotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, including diabetes and heart disease, as well as in the production of hormones such as insulin, somatotropin, and interferon.
- Industrial products: Biotechnology is used to produce industrial chemicals through less expensive processes, such as alcohol production from sugar.
- Environmental issues: Biotechnology is used to solve environmental problems, such as the treatment of sewage and solid waste.
- Food biotechnology: Biotechnology is used in the production of food items such as bread, cheese, wine, beer, yoghurt, and vinegar.
- DNA fingerprinting: Biotechnology is used in forensic sciences to identify criminals through DNA analysis.
b. Importance of medicinal plants.
Answer:- India is known for its rich diversity in flora and fauna and has a long history of traditional medicine practices such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, that rely heavily on the use of medicinal plants. Some of the commonly used medicinal plants in India and their uses are:
- Tulsi (Holy basil): used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.
- Neem: used for various skin diseases, as a natural pesticide, and for oral health problems.
- Aloe Vera: used for wound healing, skin diseases, digestive problems, and hair care.
- Ginger: used for digestive problems, nausea, and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- Turmeric: used for skin diseases, digestive problems, wound healing, and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- Ashwagandha: used for stress and anxiety management, improving immunity, and as a natural aphrodisiac.
- Shankhapushpi: used for mental disorders, digestive problems, and skin diseases.
- Licorice: used for respiratory problems, digestive problems, and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- Cinnamon: used for digestive problems, diabetes, and as a natural antioxidant.
- Saffron: used for respiratory problems, digestive problems, and as a natural antiseptic
5. Answer the following questions in your own words.
a. Which products produced through biotechnology do you use in your daily life?
Answer:- common biotechnology products used in daily life include:
-Insulin for diabetes treatment
-Baker’s yeast used in bread making
-Cheese produced using microbial fermentation
-Alcoholic beverages like beer and wine produced through fermentation
-Genetically modified crops like Bt cotton
-Recombinant vaccines
-DNA fingerprinting in criminal investigations
-Biodegradable plastics made from plant-based sources.
b. Which precautions will you take during spraying of pesticides?
Answer:-
- Wear protective clothing, gloves and masks.
- Follow label instructions carefully.
- Avoid spraying on windy days.
- Cover water bodies and food sources before spraying.
- Wash hands and exposed skin after spraying.
- Store pesticides in a secure and labeled location.
- Keep pets and children away from sprayed areas.
- Dispose of empty pesticide containers properly.
- Avoid mixing pesticides unless necessary and advised by label.
- If feeling unwell after exposure, seek medical attention.
c. Why some of the organs in human body are most valuable?
Answer:- Some organs in the human body are considered valuable because they are crucial for maintaining life and performing important functions, and a replacement or transplant is not readily available. Examples include the heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, and kidneys. These organs have specific functions that are vital to the body, and without them, the body cannot function properly. A shortage of organ donors means that many patients are placed on waiting lists for long periods of time, further emphasizing the importance and value of these organs.
d. Explain the importance of fruit processing in human life?
Answer:_
- Allows for year-round consumption of fruits
- Increases shelf life of perishable agro-produce
- Includes various processing methods like storage in cold storage, drying, salting, air tight packing, preparing murabba, evaporating
- Produces products like chocolates, juices, jams, and jellies
- Enhances the preservation and utilization of fruits.
e. Explain the meaning of vaccination.
Answer:-
- Vaccination is a process to acquire immunity against a specific disease or pathogen.
- Traditional vaccines were prepared using partially killed pathogens.
- Safer vaccines are now produced using biotechnology with pure antigens instead of killed or semi-changed pathogens.
- Antigens help keep the immune system active and prevent the person from getting the disease.
- Biotech vaccines are more thermostable and remain active for longer.
- Examples of vaccines produced through biotechnology are polio and hepatitis.
6. Complete the following chart
7. Write the correct answer in blank circles.
Answer:-
8. Identify and complete the following correlations.
a. Insulin : Diabetes :: Interleukin : — — —
b. Interferon : — :: Erythropoietin : Anaemia.
c. ——- : Dwarfness :: Factor VIII : Haemophilia.
d. White revolution : Dairy :: Blue revolution : — — — –.
Answer:-
Insulin : Diabetes :: Interleukin : Inflammation
Interferon : Viral Infections :: Erythropoietin : Anaemia
Growth hormone : Dwarfness :: Factor VIII : Haemophilia
White revolution : Dairy :: Blue revolution : Aquaculture
9. Write a comparative note on usefulness and harmfulness of biotechnology.
Answer:-
Usefulness of Biotechnology:
- Increased yield per hectare.
- Reduced expenses on disease control.
- Increased yield per annum due to fast fruit setting varieties.
- Development of stress-resistant crops.
Harmfulness of Biotechnology:
- Expensive gene transfer in genetic engineering.
- Possibility of creating more destructive viruses from genetically modified crops.
- Environmental threats such as infection of monarch butterflies and other insect species.